What is the term for using an object or process to represent a larger, abstract idea?

The term for using an object or process to represent a larger, abstract idea is metonymy. This literary device involves substituting a word or phrase with another that is closely associated with it. For example, when referring to the "White House" to represent the U.S. presidency or the actions of the administration, it highlights how a physical location or object can embody a broader concept, such as authority or governance.

Understanding metonymy is essential because it enriches language by allowing for more vivid, meaningful expressions. This device helps convey complex ideas succinctly, relying on the context for deeper meanings that connect the two concepts, making communication more effective and engaging.